The plural of vertex is vertices. In the example there are five vertices labelled A, B, C, D and E. Naming vertices with letters is common in geometry. Tick marks (shown in orange) indicate sides of a shape that have equal length (sides of a shape that are congruent or that match). The single lines show that the two vertical lines are the same length while the double lines show that the two diagonal lines are the same length. The bottom, horizontal, line in this example is a different length to the other 4 lines and therefore not marked. Tick marks can also be called ‘ hatch marks’.Ī vertex is the point where lines meet (lines are also referred to as rays or edges). See our page on Angles for more information. The shape illustrated here is an irregular pentagon, a five-sided polygon with different internal angles and line lengths (see our page on Polygons for more about these shapes).ĭegrees ° are a measure of rotation, and define the size of the angle between two sides.Īngles are commonly marked in geometry using a segment of a circle (an arc), unless they are a right angle when they are ‘squared off’. Angle marks are indicated in green in the example here. Understanding Statistical Distributions.Area, Surface Area and Volume Reference Sheet.Simple Transformations of 2-Dimensional Shapes.Polar, Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates.Introduction to Cartesian Coordinate Systems.Introduction to Geometry: Points, Lines and Planes.Percentage Change | Increase and Decrease.Mental Arithmetic – Basic Mental Maths Hacks.Ordering Mathematical Operations - BODMAS.Common Mathematical Symbols and Terminology.Special Numbers and Mathematical Concepts. How Good Are Your Numeracy Skills? Numeracy Quiz.So all other quadrilaterals are irregular. The only regular (all sides equal and all angles equal) quadrilateral is a square. and that's it for the special quadrilaterals. one of the diagonals bisects (cuts equally in half) the other.the diagonals, shown as dashed lines above, meet at.The KiteĮach pair is made of two equal-length sides that join up. (the US and UK definitions are swapped over!)Īn Isosceles trapezoid, as shown above, has left and right sides of equal length that join to the base at equal angles. NOTE: Squares, Rectangles and Rhombuses are allĪ trapezoid (called a trapezium in the UK) has a pair of opposite sides parallel.Īnd a trapezium (called a trapezoid in the UK) is a quadrilateral with NO parallel sides: Also opposite anglesĪre equal (angles "A" are the same, and angles "B" The ParallelogramĪ parallelogram has opposite sides parallel and equal in length. In other words they "bisect" (cut in half) each other at right angles.Ī rhombus is sometimes called a rhomb or a diamond. The RhombusĪ rhombus is a four-sided shape where all sides have equal length (marked "s").Īlso opposite sides are parallel and opposite angles are equal.Īnother interesting thing is that the diagonals (dashed lines) meet in the middle at a right angle. The SquareĪ square has equal sides (marked "s") and every angle is a right angle (90°)Ī square also fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°), and a rhombus (all sides are equal length). The little squares in each corner mean "right angle"Ī rectangle is a four-sided shape where every angle is a right angle (90°).Īlso opposite sides are parallel and of equal length. Let us look at each type in turn: The Rectangle Some types are also included in the definition of other types! For example a square, rhombus and rectangle are also parallelograms. There are special types of quadrilateral: They should add to 360° Types of Quadrilaterals Try drawing a quadrilateral, and measure the angles.
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